HEDD WYN A SHAKESPEARE gan D.Tecwyn Lloyd
FIS EBRILL, 1984, cefais lyfr yn rhodd gan dri o hen gydnabod a chyfeillion ysgol sef y Mri R. Gwilym a Frank Jones, Cwm Cottage, Bethel, Llandderfel a'u chwaer, Miss Beti Jones.
Eiddo eu tad, William Evans Jones oedd y llyfr ac yr oedd ef wedi ei eni a'i fagu yn ardal Trawsfynydd. Un o'i ffrindiau ysgol oedd Hedd Wyn, y ddau, mi gredaf, oddeutu'r un oed.
Ddiwedd Hydref, 1901, cafodd WEJ y llyfr hwn yn wobr ysgol wedi ei lofnodi: Presented to William Evans for progress made during the year 1900-1901. Morgan Phillips, Head Teacher. Uwchben hyn, ceir stamp yr ysgol sef'Ffestiniog. Higher Grade Boys' School.'
Dywedodd fy hen ffrind Dr Meredydd Evans ei fod ef yn cofio'r Morgan Phillips hwn, – ymhell ar ôl 1901, wrth gwrs.
Argraffiad un-gyfrolog o weithiau Shakespeare yw'r llyfr, The 'Victorian' Edition, 1900 gan Frederick Warne & Co. ac y mae'n gyfrol gorffol o 1136 tudalen a phob tudalen wedi ei rhannu'n ddwy golofn.
Ynddo'i hun, nid oes dim byd arbennig yn yr argraffiad, un o'r Myrdd argraffiadau o weithiau 'Alarch yr Afon' ydyw ac un digon blin i'w ddarllen. Nid am hynny y soniaf amdano yma.
Rywdro ar ôl ei dderbyn, gofynnodd Hedd Wyn a gâi ei fenthyg. Felly bu; bu'r llyfr ganddo am fisoedd lawer a phan ddaeth yn ôl i'w berchennog 'roedd rhai llinellau a pharagraffau wedi eu marcio ganddo a hyn, bellach, sy'n arbennig yn y copi hwn o'r gyfrol.
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FAINT o'r dramâu a ddarllenodd HW ni ellir dweud canys dim ond mewn un, sef The Life and Death of King Richard II y ceir y tanlinellu. Dewis braidd yn annisgwyl efallai, ond wele'r darnau a drawodd sylw Hedd Wyn yn ddigon dwfn iddo drafferthu eu nodi.
- 1. Act I. Golygfa 4.
Richard:
Ourself, and Bushy, Bagot here and Green,
Observ'd his courtship to the common people;
How he did seem to dive into their hearts
With humble and familiar courtesy;
What reverence he did throw away on slaves;
Wooing poor craftsmen with the craft ofsmiles,
And patient understanding of his fortune,
As 'twere to banish their affects with him.
Offgoes his bonnet to ân oyster-wench;
A brace of draymen bid God speed him well,
And had the tribute of his supple knee ... 2. Act 11. Gol.1
(darn maith, na ellir ei gynnwys yma ar wahân i'r llinellau
cyntaf ac olaf. Un o ddarnau enwocaf y ddrama)
Gaunt:
Methinks I am a prophet new inspir'd,
And thus, expiring, do foretell of him:-
His rash fierce blaze of riot cannot last,
For violent fires soon burn out themselves;
Small showers last long, but sudden storms are short;
He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes; ...ymlaen i ... That England, that was wont io conquer others,
Hath made a shameful conquest of itself,
Ah, would the scandal vanish with my life,
How happy then were my ensuing death. 3.ibid:
Gaunt:
As the last taste of sweets, is sweetest last. 4.ibid:
Richard:
Why, uncle, what's the matter?
York:
O, my liege!
Pardon me, if you please; if not, I, pleas'd ...ymlaen i ... And prick my tender patience to those thoughts,
Which honour and allegiance cannot think. 5. Act 11. Gol. 4
Captain:
'Tis thought the king is dead; we will not stay.
The bay-trees in our country are all wither'd,
And meteors fright the fixed stars of heaven;
The pale-fac'd moon looks bloody on the earth,
And lean-look'd prophets whisper fearful change;
Rich men look sad, and ruffians dance and leap,
The one in fear to lose what they enjoy,
The other to enjoy by rage and war: 6. Act III. Gol: 3.
Richard:
What must the king do now?
The king shall do it; must he be depos'd?
The king shall be contented: must he lose
The name of king? o' God's name, let it go:
My gorgeous palace for a hermitage,
My gay apparel for an alms-man's gown,
My figur'd goblets for a dish of wood,
My sceptre for a paimer's walking staff,
My subjects for a pair of carved saints. 7. Act IV. Gol 1.
Surrey:
Dishonourable boy!
That lie shall lie so heavy on my sword,
That it shall render vengeance and revenge,
Till thou, the lie-giver, and that lie, do lie
In earth as quiet as thy father's skull: 8. ibid.
Bishop:
Marry, God forbid!
Worst in this royal presence may I speak,
Yet best beseeming me to speak the truth.
Would God, that any in this noble presence
Were enough noble to be upright judge
Of noble Richard! then, true noblesse would
Learn him forbearance from so foul a wrong.
What subject can give sentence on his king?
And who sits here that is not Richard's subject? (Hedd Wyn biau'r pwyslais ar y ddwy linell yma). 9. ibid.
Richard:
Now mark me, how I will undo myself:
I give this heavy weight from off my head,
And this unwieldy sceptre from my hand,
The pride of kingly sway from out my heart;
With mine own tears I wash away my balm,
With mine own hands I give away my crown,
With mine own tongue deny my sacred state,
With mine own breath release all duteous oaths: 10. ibid:
Richard:
'Tis very true, my grief lies all within;
And these external manners of laments
Are merely shadows to the unseen grief,
That swells with silence in the tortur'd soul;
There lies the substance: 11. Act V. Gol 5.
Richard:
I have been studying how I may compare
This prison, where I live, unto the world:
And, for because the world is populous,
And here is not a creature but myself,
I cannot do it; — yet I'll hammer it out.
My brain, I'll prove the female to my soul;
My soul, the father: and these two beget
A generation of still-breeding thoughts,
Atid these same thoughts people this little world,
For no thought is cottiettied. The better sort,—
As thoughts of things divine,— are intermix'd
With scruples, and do set the Word itself
Against the Word:
As thus:- 'Conte, little odes;' and then again,-
‘It is as hard to come, as for a camel
To thread the postern of a needle's eye'. Dyna'r darnau a farciwyd yn y ddrama. Daw y gweddill fel a ganlyn: 12. 0 Venus and Adonis
"The boar!" quoth she; whereat a sudden pale.
Like lawn, being spread upon the blushing rose,
Usurps her cheeks; she trembles at his tale,
And on his neck her yoking amts she throws:
She sinketh down, still hanging by his neck,
He on her belly falls, she on her back. 13. Sonnets Rhif 33.
Full many a glorious morning have I seen
Flatter the mountain-tops with sovereign eye,
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy;
Anon permit the basest clouds to ride
With ugly rack on his celestial face,
And from the forlorn world his visage hide,
Stealing unseen to west with this disgrace;
Even so my sun one yearly morn did shine,
With all triumphant splendour on my brow;
But, out! alack! he was but one hour mine,
The regent cloud hath mask'd him from me now.
Yet him for this my love no whit disdaineth;
Suns of the world may stain, when heaven's sun staineth. 14. The Passionate Pilgrim.
Adran 15.
Tri phennill olaf yr adran sy'n dechrau:
The wiles and guiles that women work,
Dissembled with an outward show ...
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DYLID dweud nad disgybl ysgol yn dilyn unrhyw astudiaeth o ddrama Richard II oedd Hedd Wyn pan fenthyciodd y gyfrol hon ac felly, ei ddewis annibynnol ei hun yw'r darnau a nododd yn y ddrama. O'i ben a'i bastwn ei hun, felly, fe ddewisodd sylwi'n arbennig ar rai o'r darnau enwog y byddai pob myfyriwr hyffordd yn eu dewis; prawf go bendant o'i chwaeth lenyddol gynhenid a'i ymdeimlad sicr o fawredd ymadrodd barddonol.
Ni wn a fu gan y darllen hwn ddylanwad ai peidio ar ei farddoniaeth ef ei hun ond mi gredaf iddo gael gafael ar ehangder dychymyg gwir fawr a thra gwahanol i ddim ym marddoniaeth y ganrif y ganwyd ef ynddi trwy ymroi i ddarllen hyd yn oed dim ond un o ddramâu mawr Shakespeare. Dichon ei fod wedi darllen mwy.
Sonia William Morris yn ei gofiant i Hedd Wyn fel y byddai'n benthyca llyfrau gan ei gyfeillion ac yn eu plith, `Shakespeare gan William Jones, Caerhingylliad' (t.38). Hon, felly, oedd cyfrol William Jones a dyna ni yn awr yn gwybod rhywfaint beth a gafodd Hedd Wyn ohoni.